Research progress of laboratory diagnostic methods of dengue virus / 中华疾病控制杂志

Dengue virus(DENV) has been identified by World Health Organization as a major public health problem in tropical and subtropical regions. In recent years, dengue outbreaks have become more and more frequent in the world. In 2019, dengue outbreaks of varying degrees have occurred in the Philippines, Thailand, Bangladesh, Myanmar and Chongqing City in China. The laboratory diagnostic method of DENV is of great significance to the prevention and control of dengue epidemic. Therefore, the methods and strategies of DENV laboratory diagnosis are reviewed in this paper. By reviewing the traditional diagnostic methods and looking forward to the emerging diagnostic strategies, this paper aims to provide a reference to select the appropriate laboratory diagnostic scheme for the outbreak of dengue.

Osteoking Promotes the Proliferation of BMSC through Activating TGF-β/Smad Signaling Pathway in Castrate Osteoporosis Rats / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To study the effect of OK on the differentiation of bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) through the TGFβ/Smad signaling pathway in rats. Methods We removed the bilateral ovaries of rats to replicate OP model, and isolated and cultured BMSCs. BMSCs isolated from nomal rats were cultured as control group, BMSCs isolated from OP rats were divided into 5 groups, OP model group was regularly cultured, positive control group was treated with alendronate sodium (1 μmol/L), low, medium and high OK treatment group were treated with 50 mL/L, 100 mL/L and 200 ml/L OK respectively.After 24 h incubation, all cells were collected. The proliferation rate of BMSCs was determined by MTT method, and ELISA method was employed to detect the contents of bone formation markers, RT-qPCR was used to determine the m RNA expression level of TGFβ and the protein expression levels of TGFβ, p-Smad2/3 and of Smad2/3 were detected by Western blot. Results Compared with control group, the proliferation rate of the BMSCs in OP model group was reduced, concentrations of bone formation markers (OC, PINP and BALP) were reduced, m RNA and protein expression levels of TGFβ, as well as the phosphorylated level of Smad2/3 were downregulated.The difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). After treatment with OK, compared with model group, all the above effects were ameliorated in different degree, a dose dependent manner was observed in OK treatment group, and the treatment effects of alendronate sodium (1 μmol/L), 100 mL/L and 200 mL/L OK group were statistically significant (P ＜0.05).Conclusion OK can promote the proliferation of osteoblasts by activating TGFβ/Smad signaling pathway to achieve the effect of treating postmenopausal OP.

An analysis on non-medical cost contributed by smoking of smoking related diseases in main urban districts of Hangzhou / 预防医学

Objective The paper aims to leavn the direct non-medical costs of the major diseases associated with smoking in Hangzhou. Methods We investigated four general hospitals and a cancer hospital in Hangzhou by typical sampling method. The survey included fee of transportation, nutrition, care, travel and so on. Six major Smoking-related diseases were identified through literature review, and the attributable risk (AR) and the price index were obtained. Results In 2013, the direct non-medical costs of tobacco-related diseases in Hangzhou were as follows: lung cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, cerebrovascular diseases cost 427.1, 243.1, 71.6 , 1564.6 thousand yuan, respec tively and coronary heart disease cost 92632.3 thousand yuan and COPD cost 11252.0 thousand yuan. Conclusion The direct non-medical cost contributed by smoking is an important part of the burden of Smoking-related diseases and should be taken seriously.

A survey on the pension willingness of empty-nest elderly in Hangzhou City and its influencing factors / 预防医学

Objective To learn the pension willingness and influencing factors of empty-nest elderly in Hangzhou City. Methods A total of 1000 empty-nest elderly in Hangzhou, taking a formal hosusehold registration, living≥1 year, age≥ 65 years old, were selected from two urban districts and three suburbs by multi-stage simple random sampling, and were surveyed with questionnaires. The data was analyzed by logistic regression model to study the influencing factors of pension willingness. Results A total of 992 valid questionnaires were collected and the effective rate was 99.20%. There were 407 (41.03%) , 365 (36.79%) , 208 (20.97%) and 12 (1.21%) people in the 992 empty-nest elderly, choosing their children's support, social pension insurance, personal pension and other old-age methods. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that, the empty-nest elderly who worried about pension costs (OR=3.007, 95%CI:1.751-5.155), and the greatest wish was physical health (OR=4.404, 95%CI:1.461-13.276), family harmony (OR=7.724, 95% CI: 2.158-27.646), children work smoothly (OR=4.811, 95%CI: 1.203-19.246) . The lower health score (OR=0.982, 95% CI: 0.965-0.999), choosing their children's support as their pension willingness were relatively high, and the empty-nest elderly who worried about pension costs (OR=2.058, 95%CI: 1.267-3.344), the original occupation for the staff (OR=2.353, 95% CI: 1.091-5.078) , city household registration (OR=0.546, 95% CI:0.349-0.856) . The lower the health score (OR=0.979, 95%CI: 0.966-0.993) choose social pension insurance as their pension willingness would be relatively high pension. Conclusion The influencing factors of the pension willingness of the empty-nest elderly were worried about pension costs, the greatest wish, and health status, urban and rural household registration.

An analysis on the disease burden of smoking in Hangzhou City / 预防医学

Objective To analyze the disease burden of Hangzhou City in 2013 due to smoking.Methods Using attributable risk of smoking from literatures,the demographic data,mortality surveillance,medical insurance information system of smoking related diseases expense,the direct economic burden and indirect economic burden due to smoking in Hangzhou were measured.Main indicators including disability adjusted life year (DALY),direct medical economic burden,production years of losses,early death of indirect economic loss and smoking cause cost and cost of passive smoking were calculated.Results In 2013,The DALY of Hangzhou 6 city area attributed to smoking was 8.11 years over one thousand people.That was less than other domestic cities.There were 1.118 174 1 billion Yuan due to the direct medical economic burden .And the production loss of smoking was 834.41 years.The early death of indirect economic loss of smoking was 57.659 4 million Yuan,and the cost of pathogenic of smoking was 56.936 2 million Yuan,and the cost of pathogenic of passive smoking was 50.915 1 million Yuan.Conclusion The total economic burden of Hangzhou due to smoking was still at a higher level,which could lead to more serious consequences for the health of people and social economic development.Measures should be conducted to strengthen the control of tobacco.

Viral Etiology Relationship between Human Papillomavirus and Human Breast Cancer and Target of Gene Therapy / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the viral etiology of human breast cancer to determine whether there are novel molecular targets for gene therapy of breast cancer and provide evidence for the research of gene therapy and vaccine development for breast cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>PCR was used to screen HPV16 and HPV18 oncogenes E6 and E7 in the SKBR3 cell line and in 76 paraffin embedded breast cancer tissue samples. RNA interference was used to knock down the expression of HPV18 E6 and E7 in SKBR3 cells, then the changes in the expression of cell-cycle related proteins, cell viability, colony formation, metastasis, and cell cycle progression were determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HPV18 oncogenes E6 and E7 were amplified and sequenced from the SKBR3 cells. Of the patient samples, 6.58% and 23.68% were tested to be positive for HPV18 E6 and HPV18 E7. In the cell culture models, the knockdown of HPV18 E6 and E7 inhibited the proliferation, metastasis, and cell cycle progression of SKBR3 cell. The knockdown also clearly affected the expression levels of cell cycle related proteins.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HPV was a contributor to virus caused human breast cancer, suggesting that the oncogenes in HPV were potential targets for gene therapy of breast cancer.</p>

A study on the construction of health unit evaluation index system / 预防医学

Objective To develop a scientific evaluation index system and promote the health unit construction.Methods The framework of evaluation index system was developed using the method of Delphi expert consultation and focus group discussion.The weights at all levels of the index were calculated by Delphi expert consultation and the analytic hierarchy process to develop the evaluation index system.Results The response rates of 2 round consultation including 15 experts were both 100. 00%.The authority coefficient was 0. 825 and the coefficient of variation was less than 0. 30.The P values of coordination coefficient were less than 0. 01.Conclusion This evaluation index system covered major factors of the health unit construction,and could be widely used to evaluate the health unit construction.

Establishment and identification of A new HPV positive esophageal cancer cell line / 病毒学报

In order to explore the relationship between human papilloma virus ( HPV) and upper gastrointestinal cancer(esophageal cancer), An esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) tissue was obtained from a 76 year old Chinese female patient from Anyang city, a high-incidence area for esophageal cancer, in China. Transplanted tumor was formed through direct SCID mouse tumorigenicity experiment and cultured monolayer cells were obtained after several passages and screenings Immunofluorescence test, cell growth curve, soft agar assay, chromosome analysis and tissues HE staining were also performed to confirm the epithelial cell origin. Cell DNA STR typing results showed that no three alleles was observed,indicating no contamination of human cells. DNA analysis revealed the presence of HPV type 18 DNA in this cell line. DOLINK test found the E6 protein expression of HPV virus. We concluded that the established cell line is a new esophageal squamous cell-origincarcinoma cell line with HPV DNA positive and expression of viral oncoprotein. It provides new cytologic material for performing etiology studies on the occurrence and development of esophageal cancer.

Comparison of prediction performance of PAHs carcinogenicity between a BALB/c-E6E7 cell transformation assay and a BALB/c 3T3 cell transformation assay / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To predict the carcinogenicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by cell transformation assay using BALB/c 3T3 cells and HPV16-E6E7-transfected BALB/c 3T3 cells (BALB/c-E6E7 cells).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The cell transformation assays induced by PAHs using BALB-E6E7 cells and BALB/c 3T3 cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The initiating and promoting activities of PAHs examined in a BALB-E6E7 cell transformation assay were similar to in a BALB/c 3T3 cell transformation assay, which was up to the standard of agents classified by the IARC. There were much more transformed foci appeared and much shorter time consumed to accomplish phenotypic alterations in the BALB/c-E6E7 cell transformation assay than in the BALB/c 3T3 cell transformation assay. The BALB/c-E6E7 cell transformation assay was superior to the BALB/c 3T3 cell transformation assay in cost and labor performance, the sensitivity of transformation response.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The BALB/c-E6E7 cell transformation assay, with a satisfied prediction performance of initiating activity and promoting activity, would improve the overall process of safety and risk assessment of carcinogenicity.</p>

Comparative study on the HPV infection rate of different esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Anyang China / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Comparative and statistical analysis the HPV infection rate between fresh tissue and Paraffin-embedded Specimens of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,and comparative the testing results with others regions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Extracted the total DNA from the novel fresh tissue and Paraffin-embedded Specimens; Detected the DNA by PCR with universal primer and Detected the HPV type with human papilloma virus nucleic acid amplification-based typing detection reagent kit (Hybribio); Compared the statistical result from the different specimens; analyzed the result between different region.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HPV infection rate of fresh tissue is 82.6% with HPV16 (34.8%) and HPV18 (34.8%), and paraffin-embedded specimens is 78.2% with HPV16 (30.4%) and HPV18 (17.4%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results provides the first evidence that there wasn't noticeable difference between HPV infection rate of the two specimens. So broader specimen source could be used for HPV testing.</p>